What is the primary group structure of the Eastern Coyote?

The primary group structure of the Eastern Coyote is most accurately characterized as family groups. This social structure typically consists of a mated pair and their offspring, which may include pups that the parents care for during the breeding season and the early stages of development. This family unit allows for cooperation in hunting and raising young, enhancing the chances of survival for both the adults and their progeny.

Eastern Coyotes exhibit behaviors that suggest strong social bonds within these family groups, such as coordinated hunting tactics and vocalizations to communicate with one another. These family dynamics can also provide stability within their territory, facilitating the defense against other predators and reducing competition for resources.

The other structures like herds, pairs, and solitary living do not accurately represent the Eastern Coyote's typical social behavior. While coyotes can sometimes be seen alone or in pairs, particularly during the non-breeding season or while hunting, their primary and most stable structure includes family groups.